January 10

0049 Julius Cesar crosses the Rubicon and invades Italy.

1776 Thomas Paine publishes his brilliant and influential, if somewhat flawed, pamphlet "Common Sense."

1811 Holocaust: An uprising of over 400 slaves is put down in New Orleans. Sixty-six blacks are killed and their heads are strung up along the roads of the city.

1847 General Stephen Kearny and Commodore Robert Stockton retake Los Angeles in the last California battle of the Mexican War.

1356 German emperor Charles I delegates the Golden Degree.

John D Rockefeller

1870 John D. Rockefeller and his brother William found the Standard Oil Company of Ohio, in Cleveland.

1878 Senator Arlen A. Sargent of California introduces a constitutional amendment: "The right of citizens to vote shall not be abridged by the United States or any State on account of sex." This same amendment will be introduced each session of Congress over the next 41 years.

1899 Filipino leader Emilio Aguinaldo renounces the Treaty of Paris, which annexes the Philippines to the United States.

1911 Two German cruisers, the Emden and the Nurnberg, suppress a native revolt on island of Ponape in the Caroline Islands in the Pacific when they fire on the island and land troops.

1914 The Munich Police inform Linz, where Adolf Hitler is wanted for failing to register for the military, that he is living at 34 Schleissheimerstrasse, Munich. See Dec 29 and Jan 18. (Maser)

1916 General Francisco "Pancho" Villa, in an attempt to embroil the US in the turmoil in Mexico, forces 18 American mining engineers off a train and shoots them in cold blood.

1917 WW1: Germany is rebuked as the Entente officially rejects a proposal for peace talks and demands the return of occupied territories from Germany.

1920 The League of Nations is established as the Treaty of Versailles goes into effect.

1923 Weimar: The United States withdraws its last troops from Germany.

1928 The Soviet Union orders the exile of Leon Trotsky.

1933 Weimar: Papen and Hitler have their second meeting, this time in Ribbentrops Dahlem (a suburb of Berlin) home. Hitler is furious when Papen tells him that Hindenburg is still opposed to a Hitler Chancellorship and breaks off the discussions to await the outcome of the January 15 elections in the mini-state of Lippe-Detmold. Hitler hopes that a strong showing in this election will bolster his position.

1934 Marinus van der Lubbe is executed in Leipzig for setting the fire at the Reichstag. (See February 27)

1934 The government of Holland announces that all government employees belonging to the Nazi Party will be fired immediately.

1937 Holocaust: The Polish government dissolves the Warsaw Jewish kehilla.

1938 Death: Otto Heinrich Warburg, scientist, communal and Zionist leader.

Halifax               Chamberlain

1939 WW2: Neville Chamberlain and Lord Halifax arrive in Rome to meet with Mussolini.

1940 WW2: The BIG DAY for the German attack on France is set for January 7, but things aren't going all that well for Hermann Goering, head of the German Luftwaffe, who is 'beside himself' with rage. One of his own officers, detailed to deliver the secret war plans to a parachute division in Cologne, gets drunk and misses his train. Disregarding security procedures, the hung-over officer hitches a ride on a light plane, which promptly gets lost and is forced to make a landing in, of all places, Belgium; the main invasion route. The derelict officer reports through the German Legation, that he had succeeded in burning the plans "to insignificant fragments, the size of the palm of a hand" before Belgian soldiers interrupted him. But now Goering has a real problem. He must be certain that the enemy doesn't have these vital plans. He experiments with burning a packet of papers similar to those in question, but only burns his hand in the process. He even consults a psychic, who assures him that the plans are completely destroyed. Unfortunately for Goering, a Brussels newspaper soon publishes the story that a Belgian officer has recovered the plans virtually intact. The Belgian authorities pass on details of the German invasion to the British and French. Hitler is forced to postpone the invasion, but he is less upset than he would have been if he'd actually been confident in the war plan. He felt it was too conservative and obvious, even without copies being in enemy hands. He will use this alleged violation of neutrality by Belgium to justify the invasion of that country in May while using the time between to subtly alter the invasion plans, setting his enemies up for annihilation.

1940 WW2: German planes attack 12 ships off the British coast; three sink and 35 are dead.

1941 WW2: The "Lend-Lease" Bill is introduced to the US Congress, where it encounters considerable opposition. Former ambassador to Great Britain Joseph Kennedy and Aviator Charles Lindbergh are vocal opponents.

1941 WW2: The Soviets and the Germans agree on the East European borders and the exchange of industrial equipment.

1942 WW2: The Ford Motor Company signs a contract to make Jeeps, the new general-purpose military vehicles desperately needed by American forces. Or would you rather ride off into battle in a VW?

1942 Holocaust: German Jews are ordered to turn in all of their wool and fur clothing.

1943 WW2: The Soviet offensive opens. This is aimed at rolling up the pocket from west to east. Sixty-Fifth Army advances five miles on the first day, despite determined German counterattacks, but in the north and south progress is slower. (Messenger)

1945 WW2: US First and Third Armies continue to advance in the Ardennes.

1945 Diary of Leon Gladun: Today Pilichowski and Balusza left for 8 PAL as well as Antoniak from the battery. Bartoszewicz and Filipczuk left from other divisions. Steadily fewer and fewer of us remain in our regiment--if a few more leave then everybody will be off in newly-organizing regiments.

1947 Holocaust: The British stop the refugee ships Independence and In-Gathering from landing in Israel.

1964 Panama breaks ties with the US and demands a revision of the canal treaty.

1979 Volkswagen Beetle Cabriolet

1979 The last convertible Volkswagen Beetle is produced.

1984 The United States and the Vatican establish full diplomatic relations for the first time in 117 years.

1991 US Congress begins debate on Persian Gulf crisis.

1997 Italy's new 1,000 lire coin shows divided Germany on map.

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